Bile acid induced gut hormones and hepatic glucose metabolism / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] Bile acid is a main component of bile ,which plays a key role in keeping cholesterol metabolism balance in vivo and promoting lipids digestion in intestine. Recently ,more and more researches focus on bile acid for its regulating effect on glucose ,lipid and energy metabolism as a signal molecule. The reabsorbed bile acid stimulates the secretion of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) in the intestine by activating a nuclear receptor farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) and a membrane receptor TGR5. FGF19 and GLP-1 regulate hepatic glucose metabolism through different pathways. Here ,we briefly summarize the research progress and relationship between bile acid induced gut hormones and hepatic glucose metabolism.

Association of vascular calcification and gremlin expression in radial arteries of patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the association of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin and vascular calcification in radial arteries of patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Radial arteries of 40 patients with stage 5 of CKD were collected as specimens of the study group,which were trimmed off during arterial venous fistula operations.Splenic trabecular arteries were collected as specimens of the control group,which were removed from 38 patients with simple traumatic splenic rupture.All the arteries were examined histologically for calcification with yon Kossa stain.Expressions of gremlin and BMP-2,-7were detected by immunohistochemistry and their serum concentrations were detected by ELISA.Images of histological sections were semi-quantitatively analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0.SPSS 19.0software was used to perform statistical analysis.Results Significantly positive von Kossa stain was found in radial arteries from 12 of 40 patients (30％) in study group,which located in the layer of medial smooth muscle cells.However,there was no obvious positive stain in control group.Additionally,in study group,significant expressions of gremlin and BMP-2 were detected in those radial arteries of positive yon Kossa stain,which also located in the layer of medial smooth muscle cells.Positive correlations were found among gremlin expression level,BMP-2 expression level and yon Kossa stain intensity.However,the BMP-7 expression intensity in arteries of study group was much weaker as compared to control group.Conclusions Both gremlin and BMP-2 may be involved in the process that the smooth muscle cells of radial arteries in patients with stage 5 of CKD phenotypically transform into osteoblast-like cells.However,BMP-7 possibly prevents this process.